Por Marcela Becerra Viera
¿Éstas se presentan como pensamientos intrusivos que te invaden y no te permiten avanzar?
Tal vez te puede interesar este tipo de terapia, llamada EMDR, en inglés Eye Movement Desentization and Reprocessing, en español, Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento de Movimientos Oculares.
La Terapia EMDR fue desarrollada en la década de 1980 por la psicóloga estadounidense Francine Shapiro y a la fecha posee amplia investigación sobre sus resultados. Desde este enfoque terapéutico se plantea que la base de los problemas de salud mental son los recuerdos almacenados disfuncionalmente. A través de un procedimiento protocolizado se accede a estos recuerdos y se trabaja en conectarlos con redes de memorias que disponen de información más adaptativa. Ocurre entonces una integración que permite la percepción de un sí mismo más completa y con mayores recursos internos y externos.
Un buen comienzo
Comienza nuestra vida y con ella los desafíos y aprendizajes a cada paso y en cada momento. La constitución de un ser humano sano es un proceso que requiere de cuidados y delicadeza. Los estímulos se transforman en información sobre nosotros mismos y el mundo y así vamos consolidando nuestra idea de lo que somos y el lugar al que pertenecemos. Las figuras de apegos son cruciales en la primera infancia y a lo largo del camino. Su presencia sensible, amorosa y firme nos ayuda a regular nuestras emociones y comportamientos. Podemos explorar y volver a un lugar seguro, teniendo la certeza de que seremos calmados y contenidos. Si todo sigue en esta dirección vamos adquiriendo un sentido de confianza y seguridad que nos permite ser respetuosos con nuestras necesidades y equilibrarlas con los requerimientos del mundo externo.
Complicaciones en el camino
Cuando ocurre lo contrario y las experiencias adversas se reiteran a través del tiempo o son de una magnitud tal que no se logran integrar de forma adaptativa, es probable que surjan alteraciones importantes en nuestra salud mental y bienestar. Gran parte de las dificultades para tener una vida satisfactoria tienen que ver con las huellas que dejaron esas experiencias y las creencias negativas que se instalaron, creencias tales como «no soy digno», «no soy lo suficiente», «soy culpable», «el mundo es peligroso» entre otras. La terapia EMDR aborda los elementos sensoriales, emocionales y cognitivos de la experiencia para tener un impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas.
Cómo funciona el EMDR
Esta psicoterapia se enfoca en reprocesar la información que no pudo ser almacenada correctamente por lo cual nos sigue generando reacciones de estrés, angustia, fobias o problemas psicosomáticos, aunque ya no estemos en esa situación dañina. La terapia EMDR aborda los elementos sensoriales, emocionales y cognitivos de la experiencia para reprocesarlos y poder tener un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida de las personas. La información traumática se integra de manera adaptativa y desaparecen las ideas invalidantes y la sintomatología asociada.
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